{"id":123768,"date":"2025-12-05T09:15:45","date_gmt":"2025-12-05T08:15:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/?p=123768"},"modified":"2026-04-13T16:19:26","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T14:19:26","slug":"rain-gauge-orifice-wmo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\/","title":{"rendered":"Why the Size of a Rain Gauge Orifice Is Crucial"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"123768\" class=\"elementor elementor-123768 elementor-123758\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9324e58 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9324e58\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc85cda elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fc85cda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why the Size of a Rain Gauge Orifice Is Crucial: WMO Guidance and Risks of Oversized Openings\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad71b98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ad71b98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1180\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/WMO-ENG-int.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-123771\" alt=\"Why the Size of a Rain Gauge Orifice Is Crucial: WMO Guidance and Risks of Oversized Openings\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/WMO-ENG-int.webp 1180w, https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/WMO-ENG-int-300x125.webp 300w, https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/WMO-ENG-int-1024x425.webp 1024w, https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/WMO-ENG-int-768x319.webp 768w, https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/WMO-ENG-int-1000x415.webp 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3d52df e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f3d52df\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8802569 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8802569\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a4da1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a4da1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The WMO guide <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cGuide to Instruments and Methods of Observation (WMO No. 8)\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> contains important recommendations for precipitation measurement, including the size of the collecting orifice of rain gauges.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e41d21e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e41d21e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Required Rain Gauge Characteristics According to WMO Guide No. 8\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49802c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"49802c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. Instrument and measurement principle\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b7945c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b7945c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The rain gauge is typically an open container with vertical walls that collects incoming precipitation.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Measurement is expressed as the vertical height of water (or the equivalent for solid precipitation) over the horizontal plane of the Earth\u2019s surface.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The container may be simple (a cylindrical vessel) or fitted with a funnel. It is essential that the opening has known dimensions and that these are kept constant.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59f5beb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"59f5beb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. Exposure and positioning<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2b707e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e2b707e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The rain gauge must be positioned so that the collected amount is as representative as possible of the precipitation reaching the ground in the surrounding area. Wind exposure, instrument tilt, and obstacles must be carefully considered.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The dimensions, shape, and position (height above ground) of the orifice must be documented.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c7d146 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c7d146\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. Orifice of the container\n\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9bc312 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f9bc312\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Guide stresses that \u201cvarious gauge heights and sizes and shapes of orifice are used in different countries, measurements are not strictly comparable.\u201d<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One reference states that \u201can area of at least 200 cm\u00b2 is required [\u2026]. Gauges with collecting areas of 200 to 500 cm\u00b2 are the most common [\u2026].\u201d<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From this it follows that the recommended opening is at least 200 cm\u00b2, with typical values in the 200\u2013500 cm\u00b2 range.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5e4db6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c5e4db6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4. Other technical and operational characteristics\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b716ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b716ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The container must be leveled, with the upper rim horizontal.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vertical walls must avoid turbulence or excessive splashing.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maintenance, calibration, and documentation of instrument conditions must be carried out.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Errors related to wind, evaporation, overflow, etc., must be considered.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3df8754 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3df8754\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recommended Orifice and Collection Characteristics\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abd5c79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"abd5c79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to WMO Guide No. 8:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The rain gauge must have a well-defined and constant orifice to allow conversion of collected volume into water height on the horizontal ground plane.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Good exposure is required, with no tilt, vertical walls, and a horizontal orifice rim.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The size, shape, and condition of the opening significantly affect actual catch, especially under wind, heavy rainfall, or solid precipitation.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It should be noted that the Guide does not specify a universally valid absolute maximum area, but recommends standardized measurements to ensure comparability and accuracy. However, operational and comparative experience has shown that overly large openings can produce systematic effects.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-644759e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"644759e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why an Overly Large Orifice Can Generate Systematic Errors\n\n\n\n\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e85e724 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e85e724\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>When the rain gauge orifice is significantly larger than recommended (e.g., 1000 cm\u00b2), several types of systematic errors may occur, including:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3905adf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3905adf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. Turbulence and deflection of drop trajectories\n\n\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ff344b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ff344b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A large opening alters the aerodynamic effect around the rim and above the gauge orefice. Airflow over the opening accelerates or deforms, changing drop trajectories and reducing catch. Side walls may not be sufficiently high or \u201csharp\u201d relative to the opening area, allowing drops to deviate. In mixed rain\/snow or snow conditions, wind effects are amplified: lighter particles or those with altered paths may fail to enter the gauge.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbf2ed1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fbf2ed1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. Greater wind influence \/ \u201cwind-induced undercatch\u201d\n\n\n\n\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e5639f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e5639f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Large orifices can worsen wind effects that divert drops away from the opening. Wind speed, drop size, mouth shape, and container geometry are among the main factors that reduce effective catch.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a9b379 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7a9b379\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. In- and out-splash and loss due to splashing\n\n\n\n\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4d7858 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f4d7858\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A wide opening catches more drops, but also more splashes and rebounds. Drops falling near the rim can bounce outward (splash-out), or lateral splash-in may occur, both altering the measurement.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e58aecd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e58aecd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4. Wetting loss (water sticking to walls) and increased evaporation\n\n\n\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1159440 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1159440\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With a very wide orefice, the inner surface area of side walls (or funnel) is larger, so the absolute amount of water adhering to the walls (wetting) can be higher. In addition, collected water has a larger contact surface, promoting evaporation or lateral drainage. This is especially relevant in places and periods with low rainfall, when small residual amounts may evaporate and go uncounted\u2014an effect magnified by larger area.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7d568a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a7d568a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5. Overload and overflow \/ errors during intense precipitation\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f53f77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0f53f77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A very wide opening can collect large volumes quickly during intense events. If the instrument is not designed for these conditions, overflow or erroneous measurements may occur.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water may spill before being correctly recorded, causing underestimation. Outlet structures (funnel, tube, valve) may not discharge fast enough, leading to non-linear accumulation.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e675aa9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e675aa9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">6. Issues related to cleaning the rain gauge outlet filter\n\n\n\n\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1d9ac9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a1d9ac9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rain collected through the orifice is conveyed by the funnel to the outlet and then to the tipping bucket, passing through a filter. The filter stops leaves, dust, or other impurities that could affect the tipping mechanism. A larger collecting area gathers more debris, increasing the risk of clogging.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56c3482 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"56c3482\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">7. Representativeness and comparability problems\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99cc94d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"99cc94d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A very wide orifice can alter measurement representativeness compared to other standardized instruments. This means:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Measurements are not comparable with stations using smaller standard openings.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In monitoring networks, a systematic bias is introduced that complicates historical comparisons.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Historical series may become non-homogeneous if a non-standard gauge is used alongside compliant ones.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e55b185 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e55b185\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Practical Example: 1000 cm\u00b2 Orifice Area\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b46c7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8b46c7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using a 1000 cm\u00b2 orifice (diameter ~35.7 cm) as an example, the following implications can be highlighted:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The area is far above the recommended few hundred cm\u00b2 range.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under moderate wind, drop deviation from the opening may be worse than with a smaller area.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The absolute number of drops falling near the rim is higher, so the percentage loss from splash-out or deflection may increase.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the structure is not designed to discharge large volumes quickly, overflow becomes a concrete risk.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wetting and evaporation losses may become more significant relative to the collected rainfall, worsening systematic error.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If a station network uses standard openings (e.g., 200\u2013500 cm\u00b2) and one station uses 1000 cm\u00b2, data from the \u201canomalous\u201d station will likely be lower or not comparable (depending on wind, intensity, and precipitation type) versus others.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b19483b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b19483b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Operational Recommendations\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ae7122 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ae7122\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Considering the above, to ensure good precipitation measurement quality it is recommended to:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use an orifice area that conforms to standards (ideally within the range suggested by WMO guidance and normative practice) and always document area, shape, height above ground, and exposure.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Verify that installation location is open, leveled, far from obstacles, and wind-shielded if needed.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check that the collection system drains correctly and is not subject to overflow.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Perform regular maintenance: cleaning the opening and checking for deformation or damage.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Document conditions and record any deviations from standard instrumentation to ensure transparency in historical series.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447157 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447157\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b7d210 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8b7d210\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An overly large rain gauge orefice\u2014such as a 1000 cm\u00b2 opening\u2014represents not only a departure from WMO recommendations but also a serious risk of systematic precipitation measurement errors. These errors include wind undercatch, splash-out, increased evaporation and wetting losses, overflow, and representativeness\/comparability issues.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For precise, reliable, and comparable precipitation measurements, it is therefore essential to respect the dimensions, shape, positioning, and maintenance recommended by WMO No. 8, and to treat instruments that deviate significantly from these specifications with caution.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bf0b94 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3bf0b94\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-323cc06 elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"323cc06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Download the article:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21fc305 elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"21fc305\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Why-the-Size-of-a-Rain-Gauge-Orifice-Is-Crucial_-WMO-Guidance-and-Risks-of-Oversized-Openings.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-download\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M216 0h80c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v168h87.7c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L269.7 378.3c-7.5 7.5-19.8 7.5-27.3 0L90.1 226.1c-12.6-12.6-3.7-34.1 14.1-34.1H192V24c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24zm296 376v112c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24H24c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V376c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h146.7l49 49c20.1 20.1 52.5 20.1 72.6 0l49-49H488c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24zm-124 88c0-11-9-20-20-20s-20 9-20 20 9 20 20 20 20-9 20-20zm64 0c0-11-9-20-20-20s-20 9-20 20 9 20 20 20 20-9 20-20z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Why the Size of a Rain Gauge Orifice Is Crucial: WMO Guidance and Risks<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a6fb3b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a6fb3b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2be36f5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2be36f5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6db3861 elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6db3861\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44a87e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"44a87e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-7190\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-7190\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Why is the size of the rain gauge orifice so important? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7190\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb58964 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fb58964\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebc7d76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ebc7d76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Because the opening of the rain gauge directly affects collection quality and therefore the final precipitation measurement. WMO No. 8 states that the orifice must be well defined, constant, and properly exposed, because its size, shape, and condition affect both data accuracy and comparability.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-7191\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-7191\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Does a larger orifice always measure rainfall better? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7191\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50688bc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"50688bc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c3c54e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c3c54e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No, very large openings can introduce systematic errors caused by turbulence, wind undercatch, splash-in\/splash-out, increased wetting, and representativeness issues compared with standardized instruments. In practice, an oversized orifice does not guarantee a better measurement and may make data less reliable and less comparable with historical series.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-7192\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-7192\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> What dimensions does the WMO recommend for a rain gauge orifice? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7192\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e79be4e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e79be4e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b690a7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b690a7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WMO No. 8 indicates that the orifice area should be at least 200 cm\u00b2 and that instruments with openings between 200 and 500 cm\u00b2 are widely used. This does not mean that there is one single universally valid value, but rather that orifice standardization is essential for obtaining comparable and technically sound measurements.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-7193\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-7193\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> How do LSI LASTEM rain gauges help ensure reliable measurements? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7193\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d22ad62 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d22ad62\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a335732 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a335732\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LSI LASTEM rain gauges are designed according to WMO recommendations and provide rainfall intensity accuracy in Class A according to UNI 11452:2012. In addition, the range includes models with a siphon to regulate the flow to the tipping bucket during intense rainfall, a useful solution when long-term rainfall total reliability is a priority.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-7194\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-7194\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> What advantages does the LSI LASTEM range offer for meteorological applications? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7194\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9845c68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9845c68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65c7d1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65c7d1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The LSI LASTEM range is designed to suit different needs, with a Class A version, heated versions, and integration options with pulse outputs, 4-20 mA, or Modbus via external units. This makes it possible to choose the most suitable configuration for the application while maintaining a strong focus on robustness, compliance, and measured data quality.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why is the size of the rain gauge orifice so important?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Because the opening of the rain gauge directly affects collection quality and therefore the final precipitation measurement. WMO No. 8 states that the orifice must be well defined, constant, and properly exposed, because its size, shape, and condition affect both data accuracy and comparability.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Does a larger orifice always measure rainfall better?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"No, very large openings can introduce systematic errors caused by turbulence, wind undercatch, splash-in\\\/splash-out, increased wetting, and representativeness issues compared with standardized instruments. In practice, an oversized orifice does not guarantee a better measurement and may make data less reliable and less comparable with historical series.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What dimensions does the WMO recommend for a rain gauge orifice?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"WMO No. 8 indicates that the orifice area should be at least 200 cm\\u00b2 and that instruments with openings between 200 and 500 cm\\u00b2 are widely used. This does not mean that there is one single universally valid value, but rather that orifice standardization is essential for obtaining comparable and technically sound measurements.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How do LSI LASTEM rain gauges help ensure reliable measurements?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"LSI LASTEM rain gauges are designed according to WMO recommendations and provide rainfall intensity accuracy in Class A according to UNI 11452:2012. In addition, the range includes models with a siphon to regulate the flow to the tipping bucket during intense rainfall, a useful solution when long-term rainfall total reliability is a priority.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What advantages does the LSI LASTEM range offer for meteorological applications?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The LSI LASTEM range is designed to suit different needs, with a Class A version, heated versions, and integration options with pulse outputs, 4-20 mA, or Modbus via external units. This makes it possible to choose the most suitable configuration for the application while maintaining a strong focus on robustness, compliance, and measured data quality.\"}}]}<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ba8627 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0ba8627\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c265ae7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c265ae7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7af93d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7af93d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contact us for more information<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f15d5c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpforms\" data-id=\"5f15d5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpforms.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style id=\"wpforms-css-vars-elementor-widget-5f15d5c\">\n\t\t\t\t.elementor-widget-wpforms.elementor-element-5f15d5c {\n\t\t\t\t--wpforms-field-border-radius: 20px;\n--wpforms-label-color: #2C3338;\n--wpforms-button-border-radius: 20px;\n--wpforms-button-background-color: #E5231A;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/style><div class=\"wpforms-container wpforms-container-full wpforms-render-modern\" id=\"wpforms-112951\"><form id=\"wpforms-form-112951\" class=\"wpforms-validate wpforms-form wpforms-ajax-form\" data-formid=\"112951\" method=\"post\" enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\" action=\"\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123768?wpforms_form_id=112951\" data-token=\"967601f7b117eb8448ba855cd267ec2d\" data-token-time=\"1793152449\"><noscript class=\"wpforms-error-noscript\">Por favor, activa JavaScript en tu navegador para completar este formulario.<\/noscript><div id=\"wpforms-error-noscript\" style=\"display: none;\">Por favor, activa JavaScript en tu navegador para completar este formulario.<\/div><div class=\"wpforms-field-container\"><div id=\"wpforms-112951-field_1-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-layout\" data-field-type=\"layout\" data-field-id=\"1\"><div class=\"wpforms-field-layout-rows wpforms-field-large\"><div class=\"wpforms-layout-row\"><div class=\"wpforms-layout-column wpforms-layout-column-50\"><div id=\"wpforms-112951-field_2-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-text\" data-field-type=\"text\" data-field-id=\"2\"><label class=\"wpforms-field-label wpforms-label-hide\" for=\"wpforms-112951-field_2\" aria-hidden=\"false\">Azienda <span class=\"wpforms-required-label\" aria-hidden=\"true\">*<\/span><\/label><input type=\"text\" id=\"wpforms-112951-field_2\" class=\"wpforms-field-medium wpforms-field-required\" name=\"wpforms[fields][2]\" placeholder=\"Company*\" aria-errormessage=\"wpforms-112951-field_2-error\" required><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpforms-layout-column wpforms-layout-column-50\"><div id=\"wpforms-112951-field_3-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-name\" data-field-type=\"name\" data-field-id=\"3\"><label class=\"wpforms-field-label wpforms-label-hide\" for=\"wpforms-112951-field_3\" aria-hidden=\"false\">Nome <span class=\"wpforms-required-label\" aria-hidden=\"true\">*<\/span><\/label><input type=\"text\" id=\"wpforms-112951-field_3\" class=\"wpforms-field-medium wpforms-field-required\" name=\"wpforms[fields][3]\" placeholder=\"Name\/Surname*\" aria-errormessage=\"wpforms-112951-field_3-error\" required><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpforms-layout-row\"><div class=\"wpforms-layout-column wpforms-layout-column-50\"><div id=\"wpforms-112951-field_4-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-email\" data-field-type=\"email\" data-field-id=\"4\"><label class=\"wpforms-field-label wpforms-label-hide\" for=\"wpforms-112951-field_4\" aria-hidden=\"false\">Email <span class=\"wpforms-required-label\" aria-hidden=\"true\">*<\/span><\/label><input type=\"email\" id=\"wpforms-112951-field_4\" class=\"wpforms-field-medium wpforms-field-required\" name=\"wpforms[fields][4]\" placeholder=\"Email*\" spellcheck=\"false\" aria-errormessage=\"wpforms-112951-field_4-error\" required><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpforms-layout-column wpforms-layout-column-50\"><div id=\"wpforms-112951-field_8-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-phone\" data-field-type=\"phone\" data-field-id=\"8\"><label class=\"wpforms-field-label wpforms-label-hide\" for=\"wpforms-112951-field_8\" aria-hidden=\"false\">Telefono<\/label><input type=\"tel\" id=\"wpforms-112951-field_8\" class=\"wpforms-field-medium wpforms-smart-phone-field\" data-rule-smart-phone-field=\"true\" name=\"wpforms[fields][8]\" placeholder=\"Phone\" aria-label=\"Telefono\" aria-errormessage=\"wpforms-112951-field_8-error\" ><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpforms-layout-row\"><div class=\"wpforms-layout-column wpforms-layout-column-50\"><div id=\"wpforms-112951-field_6-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-text\" data-field-type=\"text\" data-field-id=\"6\"><label class=\"wpforms-field-label wpforms-label-hide\" for=\"wpforms-112951-field_6\" aria-hidden=\"false\">Regione <span class=\"wpforms-required-label\" aria-hidden=\"true\">*<\/span><\/label><input type=\"text\" id=\"wpforms-112951-field_6\" class=\"wpforms-field-medium wpforms-field-required\" name=\"wpforms[fields][6]\" placeholder=\"Country*\" aria-errormessage=\"wpforms-112951-field_6-error\" required><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpforms-layout-column wpforms-layout-column-50\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"wpforms-112951-field_10-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-textarea\" data-field-type=\"textarea\" data-field-id=\"10\"><label class=\"wpforms-field-label\" for=\"wpforms-112951-field_10\">Message <span class=\"wpforms-required-label\" aria-hidden=\"true\">*<\/span><\/label><textarea id=\"wpforms-112951-field_10\" class=\"wpforms-field-small wpforms-field-required\" name=\"wpforms[fields][10]\" aria-errormessage=\"wpforms-112951-field_10-error\" required><\/textarea><\/div>\t\t<div id=\"wpforms-112951-field_5-container\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-text\"\n\t\t\tdata-field-type=\"text\"\n\t\t\tdata-field-id=\"5\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t<label class=\"wpforms-field-label\" for=\"wpforms-112951-field_5\" >Nome Message Upload<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"text\" id=\"wpforms-112951-field_5\" class=\"wpforms-field-medium\" name=\"wpforms[fields][5]\" >\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"wpforms-112951-field_13-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-file-upload\" data-field-type=\"file-upload\" data-field-id=\"13\"><label class=\"wpforms-field-label\" for=\"wpforms-112951-field_13\">Upload file<\/label><div\n\t\tclass=\"wpforms-uploader \"\n\t\tdata-field-id=\"13\"\n\t\tdata-form-id=\"112951\"\n\t\tdata-input-name=\"wpforms_112951_13\"\n\t\tdata-extensions=\"jpg,jpeg,jpe,gif,png,bmp,tiff,tif,webp,avif,ico,heic,heif,heics,heifs,asf,asx,wmv,wmx,wm,avi,divx,mov,qt,mpeg,mpg,mpe,mp4,m4v,ogv,webm,mkv,3gp,3gpp,3g2,3gp2,txt,asc,c,cc,h,srt,csv,tsv,ics,rtx,css,vtt,mp3,m4a,m4b,aac,ra,ram,wav,x-wav,ogg,oga,flac,mid,midi,wma,wax,mka,rtf,pdf,class,tar,zip,gz,gzip,rar,7z,psd,xcf,doc,pot,pps,ppt,wri,xla,xls,xlt,xlw,mpp,docx,docm,dotx,dotm,xlsx,xlsm,xlsb,xltx,xltm,xlam,pptx,pptm,ppsx,ppsm,potx,potm,ppam,sldx,sldm,onetoc,onetoc2,onepkg,oxps,xps,odt,odp,ods,odg,odc,odb,odf,wp,wpd,key,numbers,pages\"\n\t\tdata-max-size=\"2097152\"\n\t\tdata-max-file-number=\"6\"\n\t\tdata-post-max-size=\"2097152\"\n\t\tdata-max-parallel-uploads=\"4\"\n\t\tdata-parallel-uploads=\"true\"\n\t\tdata-file-chunk-size=\"2097152\">\n\t<div class=\"dz-message\">\n\t\t<svg  viewBox=\"0 0 640 640\" focusable=\"false\" data-icon=\"inbox\" width=\"50px\" height=\"50px\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t<path d=\"M352 173.3L352 384C352 401.7 337.7 416 320 416C302.3 416 288 401.7 288 384L288 173.3L246.6 214.7C234.1 227.2 213.8 227.2 201.3 214.7C188.8 202.2 188.8 181.9 201.3 169.4L297.3 73.4C309.8 60.9 330.1 60.9 342.6 73.4L438.6 169.4C451.1 181.9 451.1 202.2 438.6 214.7C426.1 227.2 405.8 227.2 393.3 214.7L352 173.3zM320 464C364.2 464 400 428.2 400 384L480 384C515.3 384 544 412.7 544 448L544 480C544 515.3 515.3 544 480 544L160 544C124.7 544 96 515.3 96 480L96 448C96 412.7 124.7 384 160 384L240 384C240 428.2 275.8 464 320 464zM464 488C477.3 488 488 477.3 488 464C488 450.7 477.3 440 464 440C450.7 440 440 450.7 440 464C440 477.3 450.7 488 464 488z\"\/>\n\t\t<\/svg>\n\n\t\t<span class=\"modern-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDrag &amp; Drop Files, \t\t\t\t<span>Choose Files to Upload<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"modern-hint\">Puedes subir hasta 6 archivos.<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<input\n\t\ttype=\"text\"\n\t\tautocomplete=\"off\"\n\t\treadonly\n\t\tclass=\"dropzone-input\"\n\t\tstyle=\"position:absolute!important;clip:rect(0,0,0,0)!important;height:1px!important;width:1px!important;border:0!important;overflow:hidden!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important;\"\n\t\tid=\"wpforms-112951-field_13\"\n\t\tname=\"wpforms_112951_13\" \t\tvalue=\"\">\n<\/div><div id=\"wpforms-112951-field_12-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-checkbox\" data-field-type=\"checkbox\" data-field-id=\"12\"><fieldset><legend class=\"wpforms-field-label wpforms-label-hide\" aria-hidden=\"false\">Checkbox <span class=\"wpforms-required-label\" aria-hidden=\"true\">*<\/span><\/legend><ul id=\"wpforms-112951-field_12\" class=\"wpforms-field-required\"><li class=\"choice-1 depth-1\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"wpforms-112951-field_12_1\" name=\"wpforms[fields][12][]\" value=\"I consent to the processing of the data provided here pursuant to articles 13-14 of the GDPR 2016\/679 - Policy Privacy\" aria-errormessage=\"wpforms-112951-field_12_1-error\" required ><label class=\"wpforms-field-label-inline\" for=\"wpforms-112951-field_12_1\">I consent to the processing of the data provided here pursuant to articles 13-14 of the GDPR 2016\/679 - Policy Privacy<\/label><\/li><\/ul><\/fieldset><\/div><script>\n\t\t\t\t( function() {\n\t\t\t\t\tconst style = document.createElement( 'style' );\n\t\t\t\t\tstyle.appendChild( document.createTextNode( '#wpforms-112951-field_5-container { position: absolute !important; overflow: hidden !important; display: inline !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; z-index: -1000 !important; padding: 0 !important; } #wpforms-112951-field_5-container input { visibility: hidden; } #wpforms-conversational-form-page #wpforms-112951-field_5-container label { counter-increment: none; }' ) );\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.head.appendChild( style );\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.currentScript?.remove();\n\t\t\t\t} )();\n\t\t\t<\/script><\/div><!-- .wpforms-field-container --><div class=\"wpforms-recaptcha-container wpforms-is-recaptcha wpforms-is-recaptcha-type-v3\" ><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"wpforms[recaptcha]\" value=\"\"><\/div><div class=\"wpforms-submit-container\" ><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"wpforms[id]\" value=\"112951\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"page_title\" value=\"\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"page_url\" value=\"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123768\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"url_referer\" value=\"\"><button type=\"submit\" name=\"wpforms[submit]\" id=\"wpforms-submit-112951\" class=\"wpforms-submit\" data-alt-text=\"Invio in corso...\" data-submit-text=\"REQUEST\" aria-live=\"assertive\" value=\"wpforms-submit\">REQUEST<\/button><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/wpforms\/assets\/images\/submit-spin.svg\" class=\"wpforms-submit-spinner\" style=\"display: none;\" width=\"26\" height=\"26\" alt=\"Cargando\"><\/div><\/form><\/div>  <!-- .wpforms-container -->\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Find out why the size of a rain gauge&#8217;s opening affects measurement accuracy and how to avoid errors. Risks and tips.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":123775,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1082,1089],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-123768","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rain gauge orifice: why it must comply with WMO dimensions<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Find out why the size of a rain gauge&#039;s opening affects measurement accuracy and how to avoid errors. Risks and tips.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rain gauge orifice: why it must comply with WMO dimensions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Find out why the size of a rain gauge&#039;s opening affects measurement accuracy and how to avoid errors. Risks and tips.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"LSI LASTEM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-05T08:15:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-13T14:19:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/WMO-ENG-est.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"712\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Rain gauge orifice: why it must comply with WMO dimensions\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Find out why the size of a rain gauge&#039;s opening affects measurement accuracy and how to avoid errors. Risks and tips.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/WMO-ENG-est.webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/es\\\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/es\\\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/es\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/37d7d6d7f96c96571176f4df804186e5\"},\"headline\":\"Why the Size of a Rain Gauge Orifice Is Crucial\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-05T08:15:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-13T14:19:26+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/es\\\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1782,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/es\\\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/WMO-ENG-est.webp\",\"articleSection\":[\"Blog\",\"Blog\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/es\\\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/es\\\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\\\/\",\"name\":\"Rain gauge orifice: why it must comply with WMO dimensions\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/es\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/es\\\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/es\\\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/WMO-ENG-est.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-05T08:15:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-13T14:19:26+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/es\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/37d7d6d7f96c96571176f4df804186e5\"},\"description\":\"Find out why the size of a rain gauge's opening affects measurement accuracy and how to avoid errors. Risks and tips.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/es\\\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/es\\\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/es\\\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/WMO-ENG-est.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/WMO-ENG-est.webp\",\"width\":712,\"height\":400,\"caption\":\"Rain gauge orifice: why it must comply with WMO dimensions\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/es\\\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/es\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Why the Size of a Rain Gauge Orifice Is Crucial\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/es\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/es\\\/\",\"name\":\"LSI LASTEM\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/es\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/es\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/37d7d6d7f96c96571176f4df804186e5\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0182c36bb2c88313c431bab2396b61f6de23f2d28eb6317aa8bcbebe4406605c?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0182c36bb2c88313c431bab2396b61f6de23f2d28eb6317aa8bcbebe4406605c?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0182c36bb2c88313c431bab2396b61f6de23f2d28eb6317aa8bcbebe4406605c?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/34.22.187.232\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lsi-lastem.com\\\/es\\\/author\\\/admin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Rain gauge orifice: why it must comply with WMO dimensions","description":"Find out why the size of a rain gauge's opening affects measurement accuracy and how to avoid errors. Risks and tips.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\/","og_locale":"es_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Rain gauge orifice: why it must comply with WMO dimensions","og_description":"Find out why the size of a rain gauge's opening affects measurement accuracy and how to avoid errors. Risks and tips.","og_url":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\/","og_site_name":"LSI LASTEM","article_published_time":"2025-12-05T08:15:45+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-04-13T14:19:26+00:00","og_image":[{"width":712,"height":400,"url":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/WMO-ENG-est.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"Rain gauge orifice: why it must comply with WMO dimensions","twitter_description":"Find out why the size of a rain gauge's opening affects measurement accuracy and how to avoid errors. Risks and tips.","twitter_image":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/WMO-ENG-est.webp","twitter_misc":{"Escrito por":"admin","Tiempo de lectura":"9 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/#\/schema\/person\/37d7d6d7f96c96571176f4df804186e5"},"headline":"Why the Size of a Rain Gauge Orifice Is Crucial","datePublished":"2025-12-05T08:15:45+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-13T14:19:26+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\/"},"wordCount":1782,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/WMO-ENG-est.webp","articleSection":["Blog","Blog"],"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\/","url":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\/","name":"Rain gauge orifice: why it must comply with WMO dimensions","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/WMO-ENG-est.webp","datePublished":"2025-12-05T08:15:45+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-13T14:19:26+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/#\/schema\/person\/37d7d6d7f96c96571176f4df804186e5"},"description":"Find out why the size of a rain gauge's opening affects measurement accuracy and how to avoid errors. Risks and tips.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/WMO-ENG-est.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/WMO-ENG-est.webp","width":712,"height":400,"caption":"Rain gauge orifice: why it must comply with WMO dimensions"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/rain-gauge-orifice-wmo\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Why the Size of a Rain Gauge Orifice Is Crucial"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/#website","url":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/","name":"LSI LASTEM","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/#\/schema\/person\/37d7d6d7f96c96571176f4df804186e5","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0182c36bb2c88313c431bab2396b61f6de23f2d28eb6317aa8bcbebe4406605c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0182c36bb2c88313c431bab2396b61f6de23f2d28eb6317aa8bcbebe4406605c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0182c36bb2c88313c431bab2396b61f6de23f2d28eb6317aa8bcbebe4406605c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/34.22.187.232"],"url":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123768","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=123768"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123768\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":126707,"href":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123768\/revisions\/126707"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/123775"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=123768"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=123768"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lsi-lastem.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=123768"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}